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| 332 BC |
| | | While in Egypt, Alexander founds Alexandria – the best known of the many towns he establishes to spread Greek culture | |
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| 322 BC |
| | | Alexander's corpse, hijacked by Ptolemy, becomes a sacred relic in Alexandria | |
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| c. 320 BC |
| | | Ptolemy begins to transform Alexandria into a centre of Greek culture, founding his famous 'museum' and library | |
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| c. 300 BC |
| | | Euclid, teaching at the museum in Alexandria, writes what becomes Europe's standard textbook on geometry | |
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| c. 280 BC |
| | | The Jewish community of Alexandria coins the word diaspora for Jews living far from Israel | |
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| c. 280 BC |
| | | The Alexandrian school of medicine develops an alarming form of clinical anatomy – human vivisection | |
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| c. 280 BC |
| | | A great lighthouse, subsequently one of the Seven Wonders of the World, is built on the island of Pharos, off Alexandria | |
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| c. 280 BC |
| | | The Jews of Alexandria commission the Greek translation of the Old Testament which becomes known as the Septuagint | |
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| c. 260 BC |
| | | The 500,000 scrolls in the library at Alexandria are listed in a catalogue, which itself runs to 120 scrolls | |
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| c. 250 BC |
| | | The organ, using a mechanical device to pump air through a set of musical pipes, is invented in Alexandria by Ctesibius | |
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