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| c. 3250 BC |
| | | A neolithic herdsman dies high in the Alps - and is perfectly preserved in ice | |
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| 753 BC |
| | | This year is later selected by Roman scholars as the date of the founding of Rome, becoming the first year (AUC 1) in Roman chronology | |
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| c. 750 BC |
| | | The Etruscans establish Italy's first civilization, in the region between the Arno and the Tiber | |
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| c. 700 BC |
| | | The island of Sicily is colonized from the eastern Mediterranean by both Phoenicians and Greeks | |
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| c. 550 BC |
| | | The murals of Etruscan tombs, such as the Tomb of the Lionesses in Tarquinia, give a lively glimpse of an earlier tradition in Greek art | |
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| c. 550 BC |
| | | An Etruscan dynasty rules in Rome and Etruscan influence is now dominant throughout central Italy | |
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| c. 530 BC |
| | | The Greek colonists of Paestum, in southern Italy, build the first of their three superb temples | |
|  | Paestum, Basilica
Fotofile CG
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| c. 529 BC |
| | | The Greek mathematician Pythagoras establishes himself, along with his followers, in southern Italy | |
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| 510 BC |
| | | According to legend, the Etruscans are driven from Rome by popular outrage after the rape of Lucretia by Sextus Tarquinius | |
|  | Etruscan sarcophagus
Fotofile CG
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| 510 BC |
| | | The Roman senate becomes an executive body with two of its members elected annually as consuls, or joint heads of state | |
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