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| c. 2500 BC |
| | | At Huaca Prieta, the earliest known farming community in South America, squash, gourds and chili are cultivated | |
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| c. 2500 BC |
| | | The inhabitants of Huaca Prieta grow cotton, from which they weave a coarse cloth | |
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| c. 2000 BC |
| | | Medicine men in Peru practise trephination, cuttting holes in the skulls of brave or foolhardy patients | |
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| c. 1500 BC |
| | | The Maya are believed to have lived in the same region from about 1500 BC to the present day - America's longest example of continuity | |
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| 1500 BC to 1500 AD |
| | | On the grass plains of north America humans gradually hunt to extiinction several American species, including the camel, mammoth and horse | |
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| c. 1200 BC |
| | | San Lorenzo develops as the first centre of America's earliest civilization, that of the Olmecs | |
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| c. 1000 BC |
| | | By now the mammoth, the giant bison and the horse are all extinct in America, partly because of the warming climate and partly because of the success of humans with spears | |
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| c. 1000 BC |
| | | Massive stone heads carved by the Olmecs provide a dramatic beginning to the story of American sculpture | |
|  | La Venta, giant head
Photograph Beryl Pethick
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| c. 1000 BC |
| | | The Olmecs raise large clay platforms, probably with temples at the top, beginning the long American tradition of sacred pyramids | |
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| c. 1000 BC |
| | | Burial mounds feature in the Ohio valley, built first in the Adena culture and then by Hopewell tribes | |
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