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| | | | South Europe |
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| c. 15,000 years ago |
| | | The walls of Altamira, an extensive cave in Spain, are decorated with paintings and engraved images of horses, deer and above all bison | |
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| c. 6500 BC |
| | | The neolithic town of Khirokitia in Cyprus has a paved public street with lanes leading off to courtyards of round tent-like houses | |
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| c. 3500 BC |
| | | Olives are cultivated in Crete and will provide, in the form of olive oil, one of the main staples of Mediterranean trade | |
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| c. 3250 BC |
| | | A neolithic herdsman dies high in the Alps - and is perfectly preserved in ice | |
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| c. 3000 BC |
| | | The sculptors of the Cyclades produce stylized and formal figures, mainly female, in white marble | |
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| c. 2000 BC |
| | | Knossos, and other such palaces, are built for dynasties in Minoan Crete | |
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| c. 2000 BC |
| | | Trade is carried on from Crete round the Mediterranean as far west as Sicily and in the east down to Egypt | |
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| c. 2000 BC |
| | | The cemetery at Los Millares in Spain contains more than 100 beehive tombs | |
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| c. 2000 BC |
| | | Administrative records and accounts at Knossos are kept in a script, as yet undeciphered, known as Linear A | |
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| c. 1600 BC |
| | | A bull-fighting fresco in the palace of Knossos is linked with the island's cult of the bull | |
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