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| c. 2.2 million years ago |
| | | Creatures of the genus Homo, classified as early modern humans, are living in east Africa | |
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| c. 1.7 million years ago |
| | | Homo erectus, moves out of Africa and begins to spread through Europe and Asia | |
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| c. 150,000 years ago |
| | | A possible second migration from Africa begins, involving at some time the ancestors of modern man, Homo sapiens sapiens | |
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| c. 60,000 years ago |
| | | The first human inhabitants of Australia make the crossing from southeast Asia | |
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| c. 30,000 years ago |
| | | With the sea level falling, a land bridge (known as Beringia) forms between Siberia and Alaska, enabling humans to enter the continent of America | |
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| c. 3000 BC |
| | | The people known as Phoenicians are in the region of modern Lebanon from around this date | |
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| c. 3000 BC |
| | | Semitic tribes move up from the Arabian peninsula, through Sinai into Palestine and Syria | |
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| c. 2600 BC |
| | | The Canaanites establish themselves in the region around what is now Jerusalem | |
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| c. 2000 BC |
| | | Bantu-speaking tribes begin to spread through Africa, from their original homelands south of the Sahara | |
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| c. 2000 BC |
| | | Africa south of the equatorial forests is largely inhabited by the Khoisan, of whom the San and the Hottentots are the modern survivors | |
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