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| 1152 |
| | Frederick Barbarossa becomes king of Germany and Holy Roman emperor, greatly extending the power of the empire during a long reign | |
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| 1182 |
| | Resentment of western merchants results in a massacre of Roman Catholics by fellow Christians in Constantinople | |
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| 1197 |
| | The three-year old Frederick II has a claim to the thrones of both Sicily and Germany on the death of his father, the emperor Henry VI | |
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| 1204 |
| | The crusaders of the fourth crusade besiege, take and destroy the Christian city of Constantinople | |
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| c. 1205 |
| | Many of the treasures adorning the church of San Marco in Venice are loot taken from Constantinople during the fourth crusade | |
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| 1220 |
| | Frederick II is crowned Holy Roman emperor by a somewhat reluctant pope, Honorius III | |
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| 1254 |
| | The death of the last Hohenstaufen ruler, Conrad IV, leaves a vacancy on the German throne which is not filled for nineteen years | |
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| 1260 |
| | The Bohemian prince Otakar II, ruler also of Austria, extends his territories after defeating the Hungarians at Kressenbrunn | |
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| 1273 |
| | The period without a German king, known as the Great Interregnum, ends with the election of a Habsburg prince, Rudolf I | |
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| 1278 |
| | At Dürnkrut Rudolf I defeats and kills Otakar II, his rival for Austria - thus bringing the Austrian territories into the Habsburg domain | |
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