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| 1934 |
| | Anastasio Somoza, commander of the National Guard, organizes a coup in Nicaragua | |
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| 1934 |
| | The US military government is finally withdrawn from Haiti after nineteen years | |
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| 1935 |
| | A truce ends armed hostilities in the three-year Chaco War between Bolivia and Paraguay | |
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| 1935 |
| | Argentinian author Jorge Luis Borges publishes A Universal History of Infamy, one of the first examples of magic realism | |
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| 1936 |
| | The Febreristas, a newly formed left-wing group, seize power in Paraguay | |
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| 1937 |
| | Anastasio Somoza makes himself president of Nicaragua, beginning four decades of brutal rule by his family | |
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| 1938 |
| | Mexico, newly rich from oil, nationalizes the holdings of the foreign oil companies | |
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| 1938 |
| | The peace of Buenos Aires, ending the Chaco War, gives Paraguay most of the region under dispute with Bolivia | |
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| 1939 December 13 |
| | The German pocket battleship Admiral Graf Spee is scuttled after a battle with Allied ships near the river Plate | |
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| 1940 |
| | The Conservative Colorados recover power in Paraguay and reimpose military rule | |
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