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| c. 2400 BC |
| | Clay tablets discovered at Ebla reveal a busy trading economy reinforced by aggressive military policies | |
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| c. 1750 BC |
| | Priests in Babylon make loans from the temple treasure, introducing the concept of banking | |
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| c. 1000 BC |
| | Petra acquires importance and wealth from its position on caravan routes from the Red Sea to the Mediterranean | |
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| c. 1000 BC |
| | The abacus is used as an everyday method of calculation by Phoenicians and Babylonians | |
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| c. 1000 BC |
| | Tyre and Sidon have by now replaced Byblos as the dominant cities within Phoenicia | |
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| c. 970 BC |
| | Hiram, the Phoenician king of Tyre, is an enthusiastic trading partner of King David in Jerusalem, and later of Solomon | |
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| c. 950 BC |
| | Wood from the famous cedars of Lebanon is only one of the many luxury goods traded by the Phoenicians | |
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| c. 650 BC |
| | The earliest known coins are minted in Ephesus, bean-shaped and struck on one side with a distinguishing mark | |
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| c. 350 BC |
| | Private financiers in Athens give loans, take deposits, change money from one currency to another and arrange credit for travellers | |
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| 299 BC |
| | Seleucus founds Antioch as a Greek city on the trade route between Mesopotamia and Europe | |
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