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| 1997 |
| | | Thousands of Shia Muslims are massacred by the Taliban in Mazar-e-Sharif, in a brief spell before they are driven from the city | |
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| 1998 |
| | | The Taliban recapture Mazar-e-Sharif, giving them control of 90% of Afghanistan | |
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| 1998 |
| | | US cruise missiles attack al-Qaeda bases in Afghanistan and a suspected chemical factory in Khartoum | |
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| 2001 |
| | | Ahmed Shah Massoud, leader of the Afghan Northern Alliance, is fatally wounded in an attack by two suicide bombers | |
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| 2001 |
| | | US and UK forces launch military action against Taliban and al-Qaeda forces in Afghanistan | |
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| 2001 |
| | | The Northern Alliance, the army of the Afghan resistance to the Taliban, drives the Taliban from Kabul | |
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| 2001 |
| | | A month after the fall of Kabul, the Northern Alliance drives the Taliban from their power base in Kandahar | |
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| 2002 |
| | | The US-led invasion of Afghanistan sweeps the Taliban from power, ending their protection of al-Qaeda | |
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| 2002 |
| | | In spite of a massive military operation, the terrorist leader Osama bin Laden escapes US pursuit in Afghanistan | |
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| 2002 |
| | | Afghan aristocrat and politician Hamid Karzai heads an interim government in his country | |
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