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| 1979 |
| | | Supporters of Ayatollah Khomeini seize the US embassy in Tehran, taking hostage 66 US citizens | |
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| 1981 |
| | | Muslim terrorists assassinate Anwar el-Sadat, in response to his peace agreement with Israel | |
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| 1982 |
| | | Christian militiamen massacre Palestinian refugees in the Sabra and Chatila camps in Lebanon | |
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| 1982 |
| | | Hezbollah emerges in Lebanon as an Iranian-sponsored resistance movement against the Israeli occupation of the southern part of the country | |
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| 1983 |
| | | Government imposition of Islamic law (sharia) triggers renewed civil war in Sudan between the Muslim north and Christian south | |
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| 1987 |
| | | An Intifada begins against Israeli occupation of Palestinian land | |
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| 1987 |
| | | Hamas (acronym in Arabic for 'Movement for Islamic Resistance') is founded in the occupied territories to lead armed resistance against Israel | |
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| 1988 |
| | | Ayatollah Khomeini declares a fatwa against Salman Rushdie for his Satanic Verses | |
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| c. 1988 |
| | | Osama bin Laden's involvement in the fight against Soviet forces in Afghanistan leads to his development of al-Qaeda | |
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| 1991 |
| | | A new party, the Islamic Salvation Front, seems certain to win the Algerian election – until the army intervenes | |
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