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| c. 1961 |
| | | The drug Thalidomide, synthesized in West Germany, is shown to have been the cause of severe defects in about 12,000 children born in 46 countries | |
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| 1962 |
| | | Fidel Castro releases, for $53 million in food and medicine, the Cuban exiles taken prisoner in the Bay of Pigs fiasco | |
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| 1962 |
| | | British surgeon John Charnley pioneers the technique of joint replacement, giving a patient a new hip in a small hospital in Wrightington | |
|  | Total knee replacement
Wellcome Library, London
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| 1964 |
| | | Surgeons Michael Bakey in the USA and Vasilii Kolesov in the USSR pioneer coronary bypass surgery, using the patient's mammary artery | |
|  | Coronary artery bypass graft
Wellcome Photo Library
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| 1967 |
| | | South African surgeon Christiaan Barnard, in Cape Town, transplants the heart of a young woman into a 55-year-old grocer, Louis Washkansky | |
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| 1969 |
| | | British scientists Patrick Steptoe and Robert Edwards fertilize in a test-tube eggs removed from human ovaries | |
|  | Human sperm fertilising an egg
Wellcome Photo Library
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| 1972 |
| | | The Tuskegee syphilis experiment in Alabama becomes a major scandal after a whistle-blower reveals the details | |
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| 1978 |
| | | Louise Brown, born in England, is the first test-tube baby, having been conceived by IVF (In vitro fertilization) | |
|  | Collecting eggs for IVF
Wellcome Library, London
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| 1979 |
| | | The Global Commission for the Eradication of Smallpox announces that the world is free of the disease | |
|  | White doctor vaccinating 800 Zulus
Wellcome Library, London
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| 1981 |
| | | AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) is described for the first time in a US medical journal | |
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