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| c. 1960 |
| | | Neo-Pentecostalism, also known as Charismatic Renewal, becomes an important element within many Christian denominations | |
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| 1962 |
| | | Ruhollah Khomeini, a leading ayatollah in Qom, denounces the Shah of Iran and declares a fatwa against his regime | |
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| 1962 |
| | | The Second Ecumenical Council of the Vatican begins, 94 years after the start of the First Vatican Council under Pius IX | |
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| 1963 |
| | | Pope John XXIII dies, only a few month's after the start of the great Vatican council that he has summoned | |
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| 1963 |
| | | Italian cardinal Giovanni Montini is elected pope and takes the name Paul VI | |
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| 1963 |
| | | Ayatollah Khomeini is arrested in Qom, and imprisoned for eight months in Tehran, after instigating riots against the Shah | |
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| 1965 |
| | | Black activist and convert to Islam Malcolm X is assassinated when giving a speech in the Audubon Ballroom in New York | |
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| 1965 |
| | | The Second Vatican Council ends, having made some radical changes in the ritual and attitudes of the Roman Catholic church | |
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| 1968 |
| | | Pope Paul VI issues the encyclical Humanae Vitae, condemning all methods of artificial birth control | |
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| 1968 |
| | | Catholic bishops in Latin America, plagued by oppressive regimes, develop the concept of liberation theology | |
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