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| 1954 |
| | | The country's president, Getúlio Vargas, commits suicide when the army in Brazil demands his resignation | |
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| 1955 |
| | | A military uprising in Argentina forces Perón to resign and go into exile | |
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| 1956 |
| | | Anastasio Somoza is assassinated on a visit to Panama, but the dictatorship of Nicaragua remains in his family | |
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| 1956 |
| | | Communist activist Fidel Castro returns from Mexico to Cuba to organize guerrilla warfare against the Batista regime | |
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| 1957 |
| | | Barbadian cricketer Gary Sobers, playing in Kingston, Jamaica, against Pakistan, makes a record Test score of 365 not out | |
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| 1957 |
| | | A country doctor, François Duvalier, is elected president of Haiti on a massive popular vote | |
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| 1957 |
| | | Oscar Niemeyer is appointed chief architect for his country's new capital, Brasilia | |
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| 1958 |
| | | The Venezuelan dictator Marcos Jiménez escapes to the USA with an estimated fortune of $200 million | |
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| 1958 |
| | | Dictator Fulgencio Batista flees from Cuba, leaving Havana open to Fidel Castro and his victorious guerrillas | |
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| 1959 |
| | | Fidel Castro begins more than four decades of authoritarian rule in Cuba | |
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