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| 1933 |
| | | Pablo Neruda increases his international reputation with a collection of surrealist poems, Residencia en la tierra ('Residence on earth') | |
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| 1933 |
| | | Fulgencio Batista, as army chief of staff, begins a long career running the affairs of Cuba | |
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| 1933 |
| | | 19-year-old Mexican poet Octavio Paz publishes his first collection, Wild Moon | |
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| 1934 |
| | | Anastasio Somoza, commander of the National Guard, organizes a coup in Nicaragua | |
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| 1934 |
| | | The US military government is finally withdrawn from Haiti after nineteen years | |
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| 1935 |
| | | A truce ends armed hostilities in the three-year Chaco War between Bolivia and Paraguay | |
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| 1935 |
| | | Argentinian author Jorge Luis Borges publishes A Universal History of Infamy, one of the first examples of magic realism | |
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| 1936 |
| | | The Febreristas, a newly formed left-wing group, seize power in Paraguay | |
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| 1937 |
| | | Anastasio Somoza makes himself president of Nicaragua, beginning four decades of brutal rule by his family | |
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| 1938 |
| | | Mexico, newly rich from oil, nationalizes the holdings of the foreign oil companies | |
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