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| | | | East Africa |
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| 1869 |
| | | British explorer Samuel Baker annexes the southern Sudan, or Equatoria, on behalf of the khedive of Egypt | |
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| 1873 |
| | | The British consul in Zanzibar persuades the sultan to end the island's notorious slave trade | |
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| 1883 |
| | | Mohammed Ahmed, proclaiming himself the Mahdi, defeats three Egyptian armies in the Sudan | |
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| 1884 |
| | | General Gordon marches south to protect Khartoum from the advancing forces of the Mahdi | |
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| 1884 |
| | | Karl Peters hurries round east Africa persuading chiefs to accept the German emperor as their protector | |
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| 1884 |
| | | British general Garnet Wolseley sails from London on a mission to rescue Gordon, trapped by the Mahdi in Khartoum | |
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| 1885 |
| | | Bismarck grants Karl Peters a charter to rule a German protectorate in east Africa | |
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| 1885 |
| | | Italian troops occupy Eritrea, a province of Ethiopia | |
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| 1885 |
| | | German warships arrive in Zanzibar harbour to persuade the sultan to cede territory to the Kaiser, William I | |
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| 1886 |
| | | Addis Ababa is founded, to become subsequently the capital of Ethiopia | |
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