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| 1854 |
| | | Britain and France enter the war between Turkey and Russia, on the Turkish side | |
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| 1855 |
| | | After a siege of nearly a year the Russians abandon Sebastopol, but the Turkish alliance is too exhausted to pursue the conflict | |
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| 1870 |
| | | The Turkish sultan finally allows the Christians of Bulgaria to have their own Orthodox patriarch | |
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| 1876 |
| | | Turkish irregular soldiers, the ferocious bashibazouks, massacre some 15,000 Bulgarian civilians | |
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| 1876 |
| | | William Gladstone's pamphlet Bulgarian Horrors, protesting at massacre by the Turks, sells 200,000 copies within a month | |
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| 1878 |
| | | A congress in Berlin agrees that Austria may administer the Turkish province of Bosnia-Herzegovina | |
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| 1885 |
| | | A secret revolutionary group (Union and Progress, later known as the Young Turks) is formed in Salonika in the Ottoman empire | |
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| 1908 |
| | | The Young Turks of Salonika organize a successful uprising against the autocracy of the Ottoman sultan | |
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| 1908 |
| | | Austria annexes Bosnia-Herzegovina, in response to the policy of the Young Turks in Istanbul | |
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| 1908 |
| | | Prince Ferdinand of Bulgaria declares his country's independence from Ottoman rule and calls himself Tsar Ferdinand I | |
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