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| | | | Brazil |
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| 1888 |
| | | The emperor Pedro II frees all the remaining slaves in Brazil without compensating their owners | |
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| 1889 |
| | | A coup removes emperor Pedro II from his throne in Brazil, putting in his place a military dictatorship | |
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| 1894 |
| | | Brazil's first civilian president, Prudente de Morais, is peacefully elected, setting the pattern for the next four decades | |
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| c. 1900 |
| | | Rubber brings prosperity to Manaus, thousands of miles up the Amazon | |
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| 1908 |
| | | Coffee replaces sugar as Brazil's main crop, accounting for more than 50% of exports in 1908 | |
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| 1930 |
| | | Getúlio Vargas begins a 24-year personal rule in Brazil | |
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| 1930 |
| | | Heitor Villa-Lobos composes the first of his Bachianas Brasileiras | |
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| 1954 |
| | | The country's president, Getúlio Vargas, commits suicide when the army in Brazil demands his resignation | |
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| 1957 |
| | | Oscar Niemeyer is appointed chief architect for his country's new capital, Brasilia | |
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| 1960 |
| | | The Brazilian government moves to Brasilia, into public buildings designed by Oscar Niemeyer | |
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