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| 1839 |
| | | The British seize the strategic port of Aden and administer it as a province annexed to India | |
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| 1839 |
| | | A British army invades Afghanistan and instals a puppet ruler, Shuja Shah, as the Afghan amir | |
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| 1839 |
| | | British troops invade China after the Chinese authorities seize and destroy the opium stocks of British merchants in Canton | |
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| 1839 |
| | | British forces capture Hong Kong, which is subsequently ceded to Britain by China at the end of the first Opium War in 1842 | |
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| 1841 |
| | | The Straits Convention, agreed between the European powers and Turkey, is a concerted attempt to prop up the Ottoman empire | |
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| 1842 |
| | | The British abandon Kabul, losing most of the garrison force in the withdrawal to India and bringing to an end the first Anglo-Afghan war | |
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| 1842 |
| | | The First Opium War ends with the island of Hong Kong, and extensive new trading rights, ceded to Britain in the Treaty of Nanking | |
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| 1845 |
| | | British archaeologist Henry Layard, in his first month of digging in Iraq, discovers the Assyrian city of Nimrud | |
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| 1845 |
| | | The first Anglo-Sikh war breaks out between Sikh forces in the Punjab and encroaching forces of Britain's East India Company | |
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| 1846 |
| | | The first Anglo-Sikh war ends with the Treaty of Lahore, by which Jammu and Kashmir are ceded to the British | |
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