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| 1832 |
| | | The USA suffers the first of several cholera epidemics, spanning the sixty years to 1892 | |
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| 1846 |
| | | A dentist in Boston, William Morton, uses ether as an anaesthetic while surgeon John Collins Warren removes a tumour in a patient's neck | |
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| 1847 |
| | | Scottish obstetrician James Simpson uses anaesthetic (ether, and later in the year choloroform) to ease difficulty in childbirth | |
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| 1847 |
| | | James Young Simpson is the first to deliver a baby (christened Anaesthesia) using chloroform | |
|  | First child born under anaesthesia
Wellcome Library, London
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| 1851 |
| | | German physicist Hermann von Helmholtz invents the ophthalmoscope, making it possible for a doctor to examine the inside of a patient's eye | |
|  | Principle of Helmholtz's ophthalmoscope
Wellcome Library, London
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| 1853 |
| | | The hypodermic syringe with a plunger is simultaneously developed in France and in Scotland | |
|  | Alexander Wood's hypodermic syringe
Wellcome Library, London
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| 1854 |
| | | William Baikie, on an expedition up the Niger, protects his men from malaria by administering quinine | |
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| 1854 |
| | | English physician John Snow proves that cholera is spread by infected water (from a pump in London's Broad Street) | |
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| 1854 |
| | | Florence Nightingale, responding to reports of horrors in the Crimea, sets sail with a party of twenty-eight nurses | |
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| 1855 |
| | | Jamaican-born nurse Mary Seacole sets up her own 'British Hotel' in the Crimea to provide food and nursing for soldiers in need | |
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