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| 1804 |
| | The city of Hobart is founded on the southern coast of Tasmania | |
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| 1829 |
| | James Stirling explores up the Swan River in western Australia to find a site for the settlement which he names Perth | |
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| 1831 |
| | The last surviving Aborigines of Tasmania are moved by the British to a small island where they soon die out | |
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| 1834 |
| | Six farm labourers, from Tolpuddle in Dorset, are transported for seven years to Australia for administering unlawful oaths in the forming of a union | |
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| 1835 |
| | Melbourne, founded by settlers from Tasmania, develops as the centre of a sheep-rearing community | |
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| 1836 |
| | A site is selected for Adelaide and emigration begins from Britain to south Australia | |
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| 1836 |
| | The Tolpuddle Martyrs are brought back to England from Australia after public protest leads to their sentences being remitted | |
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| 1851 |
| | The Australian gold rush begins with the discovery of gold fields at Ballarat and a few months later at Bendigo | |
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| 1854 |
| | Australian gold diggers, angered by the requirement to purchase a licence, make a defiant stand at the Eureka stockade | |
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| 1861 |
| | Chinese immigrants to Australia are the victims of violent racial attacks at Lambing Flat | |
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