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| 1770 |
| | | 27-year-old Thomas Jefferson begins constructing a mansion on a hilltop in Charlottesville, calling it Monticello ('little mountain') | |
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| 1771 |
| | | English entrepreneur Richard Arkwright adds water power to spinning by means of the water frame | |
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| 1771 |
| | | Richard Arkwright pioneers the factory environment with his cotton mill at Cromford in Derbyshire | |
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| 1772 |
| | | Russia, Prussia and Austria agree a treaty enabling them to divide the spoils in the first partition of Poland | |
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| 1772 |
| | | The first partition of Poland begins the process of Lithuania being progressively absorbed into Russia | |
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| 1772 |
| | | Gustavus III achieves a coup d'état which brings executive power in Sweden back into royal hands | |
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| 1772 |
| | | Captain Cook sets off, in HMS Resolution, on his second voyage to the southern hemisphere | |
|  | Mourner's costume from Tahiti
Pitt Rivers Museum, Oxford
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| 1772 |
| | | Haydn's Farewell Symphony gives a subtle hint to his employer at Esterházy that it is time for the musicians to return home | |
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| 1773 |
| | | English prison reformer John Howard is shocked into action by the conditions he sees in Bedford gaol | |
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| 1773 |
| | | The London brokers who meet to do business in Jonathan's coffee house decide to call themselves the Stock Exchange | |
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