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| | | | Australia and Oceania |
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| 1772 |
| | | Captain Cook sets off, in HMS Resolution, on his second voyage to the southern hemisphere | |
|  | Mourner's costume from Tahiti
Pitt Rivers Museum, Oxford
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| 1779 |
| | | British explorer Captain James Cook is killed in a skirmish with natives in Hawaii over a stolen boat | |
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| 1779 |
| | | Joseph Banks tells a committee of the House of Commons that the east coast of Australia is suitable for the transportation of convicted felons | |
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| 1787 |
| | | The First Fleet (eleven ships carrying about 750 convicts) leaves Portsmouth for Australia | |
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| 1788 |
| | | After a journey of eight months from England the First Fleet reaches Australia, anchoring in Botany Bay | |
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| 1788 |
| | | Arthur Phillip, selecting a suitable coastal site for the first penal colony in Australia, names the place Sydney Cove | |
|  | Map of Australia showing the distribution of convicts, c.1820
National Archives, Kew
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| 1789 |
| | | Fletcher Christian leads a mutiny on HMS Bounty against the captain, William Bligh | |
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| 1790 |
| | | A second fleet arrives in Sydney, bringing more convicts and a regiment, the New South Wales Corps, to keep order | |
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| 1798 |
| | | British explorer George Bass sails round Tasmania in an open whaleboat, discovering the strait which now bears his name | |
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| 1804 |
| | | The city of Hobart is founded on the southern coast of Tasmania | |
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