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| 1764 |
| | | The Russian empress Catherine the Great secures the throne of Poland for one of her lovers, as Stanislaw II | |
|  | Portrait of Stanislaw II, c.1780
Dulwich Picture Gallery
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| 1764 |
| | | Catherine the Great founds the Hermitage as a court museum attached to the Winter Palace in St Petersburg | |
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| 1768 |
| | | A border incident at Balta, in the southern Ukraine, sparks a war between Russia and Turkey that will last six years | |
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| 1772 |
| | | Russia, Prussia and Austria agree a treaty enabling them to divide the spoils in the first partition of Poland | |
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| 1772 |
| | | The first partition of Poland begins the process of Lithuania being progressively absorbed into Russia | |
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| 1774 |
| | | In the treaty of Kuchuk Kainarji, ending the recent Russo-Turkish war, the Ottoman empire cedes the Crimea to Russia | |
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| 1774 |
| | | The treaty of Kuchuk Kainarji grants Russia special rights in relation to the Christian Holy Places under Ottoman control | |
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| 1783 |
| | | The empress Catherine the Great annexes the Crimean peninsula, giving Russia a presence in the Black Sea | |
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| 1793 |
| | | Russia and Prussia agree on a second partition of Poland | |
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| 1795 |
| | | Poland's neighbours – Russia, Prussia and Austria – are all on hand for the final partition of the kingdom | |
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