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| 1668 |
| | | The Bank of Sweden is founded, and survives today as the world's oldest bank | |
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| 1700 |
| | | Poland, Russia and Denmark attack Sweden, beginning the 21-year Northern War | |
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| 1709 |
| | | The Swedish king Charles XII suffers his first major defeat in a brilliant career, when he faces the Russians at Poltava | |
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| c. 1720 |
| | | Two political parties emerge in Sweden's parliament and become known as the Hats and the Caps | |
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| 1721 |
| | | In the treaty of Nystad Sweden cedes Estonia to Russia together with most of Latvia (the rest of which soon follows) | |
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| 1721 |
| | | With the transfer of Swedish territory on the Baltic coast, Russia becomes the dominant power in the region | |
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| 1735 |
| | | Swedish naturalist Carolus Linnaeus publishes a 'system of nature', capable of classifying all living things | |
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| c. 1735 |
| | | Swedish chemist Georg Brandt discovers a new metallic element, which he names cobalt | |
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| 1742 |
| | | Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius proposes 100 degrees between the freezing and boiling points of water | |
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| 1751 |
| | | The Swedish chemist Alex Cronstedt identifies an impurity in copper ore as a separate metallic element, which he names nickel | |
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