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| 1643 |
| | | The Prince de Condé and the Vicomte de Turenne emerge as brilliant generals in France's wars | |
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| 1644 |
| | | In his Principles of Philosophy Descartes gives priority to reason, summed up in his famous phrase cogito ergo sum | |
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| 1646 |
| | | With the help of his more robust brother-in-law, Blaise Pascal provides physical proof that atmospheric pressure varies with altitude | |
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| 1648 |
| | | A rebellion of nobles against Mazarin, the principal minister of the young Louis XIV, becomes known as the Fronde | |
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| 1650 |
| | | Descartes catches a fatal chill, returning home in midwinter from pre-dawn instruction of Queen Christina of Sweden | |
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| 1651 |
| | | Charles II is defeated by Cromwell at Worcester and escapes in disguise to France | |
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| 1652 |
| | | Turenne defeats Condé in a battle in the Paris suburbs, hastening the decline of the Fronde | |
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| 1653 |
| | | The 14-year-old Louis XIV dances in a court ballet as Apollo, wearing a glorious sun costume, and finds that he likes the role | |
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| 1660 |
| | | Louis XIV grants New France the status of a royal province and greatly increases the flow of colonists to north America | |
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| 1661 |
| | | Louis XIV establishes a royal dancing academy and soon follows it with a music academy | |
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