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| 1667 |
| | | In the treaty of Breda, England keeps New Amsterdam and New Netherland, and Holland keeps the English-held territory of Surinam | |
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| 1668 |
| | | The Jesuits establish a mission at Sault Sainte Marie which becomes the starting point for French exploration south of the Great Lakes | |
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| 1690 |
| | | John Strong, landing on some remote Atlantic islands, names them after Viscount Falkland, treasurer of the British navy | |
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| 1693 |
| | | Gold is found in Brazil, launching the first great American gold rush | |
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| 1740 |
| | | Venezuela, Colombia and Ecuador become the Spanish viceroyalty of New Granada, with Bogota as the capital | |
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| 1746 |
| | | An earthquake destroys much of Lima, and an ensuing tidal wave engulfs its port at Callao | |
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| 1759 |
| | | The Portuguese expel the Jesuits from Brazil, beginning a widespread reaction against the order in Catholic Europe | |
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| 1763 |
| | | The capital of the Portuguese colony of Brazil is moved from Bahia to Rio de Janeiro | |
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| 1764 |
| | | A French expedition from St Malo, founding a colony on East Falkland, name the islands Les Îsles Malouines | |
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| 1774 |
| | | The Spanish, now in sole occupation of the Falkland Islands, call them Las Islas Malvinas | |
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