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| 1629 |
| | | After years of warfare, the truce of Altmark gives Estonia and most of Latvia to Sweden | |
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| 1631 |
| | | Gustavus II and the Swedish army win a conclusive victory over the imperial forces at Breitenfeld | |
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| 1632 |
| | | The Swedish army wins another convincing victory at Lützen, but Gustavus II dies leading a cavalry charge | |
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| 1654 |
| | | Queen Christina, a secret convert to Catholicism, abdicates in Sweden and travels to Rome | |
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| 1660 |
| | | Sweden wins the province of Skåne from Denmark, thus acquiring an unbroken stretch of Baltic coastline from Göteborg to Riga | |
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| 1661 |
| | | A banker in Sweden, Johan Palmstruch, issues Europe's first paper currency, on behalf of the Stockholm Banco | |
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| 1665 |
| | | A new Danish constitution (the Kongeloven or King's Law) makes the monarchy hereditary and grants the king absolute power | |
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| 1668 |
| | | The Bank of Sweden is founded, and survives today as the world's oldest bank | |
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| 1700 |
| | | Poland, Russia and Denmark attack Sweden, beginning the 21-year Northern War | |
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| 1709 |
| | | The Swedish king Charles XII suffers his first major defeat in a brilliant career, when he faces the Russians at Poltava | |
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