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| | | Scandinavia |
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| 1629 |
| | After years of warfare, the truce of Altmark gives Estonia and most of Latvia to Sweden | |
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| 1631 |
| | Gustavus II and the Swedish army win a conclusive victory over the imperial forces at Breitenfeld | |
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| 1632 |
| | The Swedish army wins another convincing victory at Lützen, but Gustavus II dies leading a cavalry charge | |
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| 1654 |
| | Queen Christina, a secret convert to Catholicism, abdicates in Sweden and travels to Rome | |
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| 1660 |
| | Sweden wins the province of Skåne from Denmark, thus acquiring an unbroken stretch of Baltic coastline from Göteborg to Riga | |
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| 1661 |
| | A banker in Sweden, Johan Palmstruch, issues Europe's first paper currency, on behalf of the Stockholm Banco | |
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| 1665 |
| | A new Danish constitution (the Kongeloven or King's Law) makes the monarchy hereditary and grants the king absolute power | |
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| 1668 |
| | The Bank of Sweden is founded, and survives today as the world's oldest bank | |
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| 1709 |
| | The Swedish king Charles XII suffers his first major defeat in a brilliant career, when he faces the Russians at Poltava | |
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| c. 1720 |
| | Two political parties emerge in Sweden's parliament and become known as the Hats and the Caps | |
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