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| 1617 |
| | | The treaty of Stolbova brings into Swedish hands the coast round the Gulf of Finland, ending Russian access to the Baltic | |
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| c. 1625 |
| | | Gustavus II, king of Sweden, conscripts and trains an army far more mobile than those of his rivals | |
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| c. 1625 |
| | | Ordnance factories in Sweden begin producing light but powerful field artillery, easy to move on the battlefield | |
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| 1629 |
| | | After years of warfare, the truce of Altmark gives Estonia and most of Latvia to Sweden | |
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| 1631 |
| | | Gustavus II and the Swedish army win a conclusive victory over the imperial forces at Breitenfeld | |
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| 1632 |
| | | The Swedish army wins another convincing victory at Lützen, but Gustavus II dies leading a cavalry charge | |
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| 1650 |
| | | Descartes catches a fatal chill, returning home in midwinter from pre-dawn instruction of Queen Christina of Sweden | |
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| 1654 |
| | | Queen Christina, a secret convert to Catholicism, abdicates in Sweden and travels to Rome | |
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| 1660 |
| | | Sweden wins the province of Skåne from Denmark, thus acquiring an unbroken stretch of Baltic coastline from Göteborg to Riga | |
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| 1661 |
| | | A banker in Sweden, Johan Palmstruch, issues Europe's first paper currency, on behalf of the Stockholm Banco | |
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