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| | | | Belgium and Netherlands |
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| 1567 |
| | | The duke of Alba introduces a reign of terror in the Spanish Netherlands, by means of a tribunal known as the Council of Blood | |
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| 1569 |
| | | Flemish cartographer Gerardus Mercator publishes a map of the world, using the projection now known by his name | |
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| 1572 |
| | | Sea beggars seize the town of Brill and raise the flag of William of Orange (also known as William the Silent) | |
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| 1573 |
| | | William of Orange declares himself a Calvinist and assumes the leadership of the united provinces of the Netherlands | |
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| 1573 |
| | | The city of Alkmaar is saved when the Dutch breach their own dikes, threatening the Spanish troops with death by drowning | |
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| 1576 |
| | | The Pacification of Ghent unites all the provinces of the Netherlands in opposition to Spain | |
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| 1579 |
| | | The Union of Arras and the Union of Utrecht split the Netherlands into Catholic and Protestant camps | |
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| 1581 |
| | | In the Oath of Abjuration the northern provinces of the Netherlands formally reject the rule of the Spanish king, Philip II | |
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| 1585 |
| | | England's queen Elizabeth sends 6000 troops to support the Dutch rebels against Spain | |
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| 1588 |
| | | The House of Orange becomes the leading family of the new Dutch republic | |
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