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| | | | Southeast Asia |
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| 1571 |
| | | The Spanish governor general, Legazpi, makes his capital at Manila,and names the surrounding islands the Philippines after Philip II | |
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| 1571 |
| | | The Philippines and its governor general are placed under the authority of the Spanish governor of New Spain, ruling from Mexico City | |
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| 1595 |
| | | The first Dutch expedition round the Cape reaches Java and secures trading agreements | |
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| c. 1625 |
| | | The Dutch gradually exclude the Portuguese from the immensely lucrative trade in cloves from the Spice Islands (or Moluccas) | |
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| 1641 |
| | | The Dutch expel the Portuguese from their trading posts in Malacca | |
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| c. 1650 |
| | | Hindu princes and brahmin priests withdraw from Java to Bali, turning the island into the last outpost of Hinduism in southeast Asia | |
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| 1650 |
| | | To protect their market, the Dutch destroy all clove trees in the Moluccas except on two islands, Amboina and Ternate | |
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| 1858 |
| | | Napoleon III sends forces to capture the port of Da Nang, beginning the French colonization of Vietnam | |
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| 1863 |
| | | France establishes a protectorate over Cambodia | |
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| 1883 |
| | | Eruption of the volcano on the Indonesian island of Krakatoa sends six cubic miles of debris into the atmosphere and causes a huge tsunami | |
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