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| c. 1550 |
| | | Spanish galleons assemble each year at Portobelo to deliver European goods and to ship home the metals of Latin America | |
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| 1571 |
| | | The Philippines and its governor general are placed under the authority of the Spanish governor of New Spain, ruling from Mexico City | |
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| 1680 |
| | | The Pueblo Indians of New Mexico rise against the Spanish, killing 21 missionaries and some 400 colonists | |
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| 1810 |
| | | The parish priest of Dolores sparks a rebellion against the Spanish authorities in Mexico with his Grito de Dolores | |
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| 1813 |
| | | Rebels meeting for a conference in Chilpancingo proclaim a short-lived Mexican independence | |
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| 1815 |
| | | The Spanish suppress the independence movement in Mexico with the capture and execution of its leader, Jose Maria Morelos | |
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| 1821 |
| | | A reactionary movement led by Agustín de Iturbide wins new and lasting independence for Mexico | |
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| 1821 |
| | | The Sante Fe Trail, from Missouri to New Mexico, is opened up by the US trader William Becknell | |
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| 1822 |
| | | Agustin de Iturbide declares himself emperor of the new nation of Mexico, as Agustin I | |
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| 1823 |
| | | Guatemala declares independence following the example of neighbouring Mexico | |
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