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| 1492 |
| | | Torquemada persuades Ferdinand and Isabella to expel from Spain all Jews (about 160,000) who will not convert to Christianity | |
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| 1492 |
| | | Bayazid II, the Turkish sultan, makes a special point of welcoming in Istanbul the Jews expelled from Spain | |
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| 1492 |
| | | Christopher Columbus, together with the brothers Martin and Vicente Pinzón, sails west from Palos in Spain | |
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| 1493 |
| | | Columbus returns to Spain, landing at Palos with news of his great discoveries | |
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| 1493 |
| | | Pope Alexander VI draws a line through the Atlantic, dividing new discoveries between Spain (west) and Portugal (east) | |
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| 1496 |
| | | Philip, heir to Austria, marries Joanna, a daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain, in the second of the great Habsburg marital alliances | |
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| 1513 |
| | | Vasco Núñez de Balboa reaches the Pacific coast and claims the ocean for the king of Spain | |
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| 1516 |
| | | The death of Ferdinand II results in Spain becoming part of the Habsburg empire, under the rule of Charles V (as Charles I of Spain) | |
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| 1519 |
| | | Ferdinand Magellan and a small fleet depart from Seville, attempting to sail round the world | |
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| 1521 |
| | | Ignatius of Loyola, recovering from a wound received as a soldier at Pamplona, is inspired by reading the lives of the saints | |
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