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| c. 1450 |
| | | Christian boys, trained as slaves in the personal service of the Turkish sultan, acquire considerable power as the elite corps of janissaries | |
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| 1453 |
| | | The Turks terrify Constantinople by lobbing vast stones at the city from a 19-ton bombard of cast iron | |
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| 1453 |
| | | Constantinople falls to a 21-year-old Muslim conqueror, Mehmed II, bringing the Ottoman Turks their capital city | |
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| 1453 |
| | | The Christian emperor Constantine XI dies in the fighting in Constantinople, as the Greek Byzantine empire yields to that of the Ottoman Turks | |
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| 1460 |
| | | The Turks complete the occupation of Greece, which remains within the Ottoman empire until the nineteenth century | |
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| 1462 |
| | | Mehmed II, conqueror of Constantinople, begins to build Topkapi Sarayi as his palace | |
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| 1464 |
| | | Mehmed II and the Ottoman Turks conquer Bosnia, where a large number of noble families convert to Islam | |
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| 1468 |
| | | Skanderbeg dies and Albania becomes fully absorbed into the Ottoman empire | |
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| c. 1480 |
| | | The name of Constantinople changes to Istanbul, a word based on the everyday Greek name for the city | |
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| 1492 |
| | | Bayazid II, the Turkish sultan, makes a special point of welcoming in Istanbul the Jews expelled from Spain | |
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