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| | | | East Africa |
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| 1329 |
| | | A friar, who has failed to find Prester John in the east, publishes a book proving that the fabulous king lives in Ethiopia | |
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| c. 1450 |
| | | Coffee, derived from wild plants in Ethiopia, is cultivated in Arabia | |
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| 1503 |
| | | The Portuguese set up a trading post on the east African island of Zanzibar | |
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| 1530 |
| | | Ahmad ibn Ibrahim leads Muslim Somalis in a holy war against Christian Ethiopia, destroying churches and shrines | |
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| 1698 |
| | | A fleet from Oman evicts the Portuguese from Mombasa and Zanzibar | |
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| 1821 |
| | | An Egyptian army makes its camp at Khartoum, subsequently the capital of an Egyptian province in the Sudan | |
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| 1837 |
| | | Zanzibar becomes the main place of residence of the sultan of Oman | |
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| c. 1850 |
| | | The Scottish missionary David Livingstone is profoundly shocked by what he sees of the slave trade at the heart of Africa | |
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| 1855 |
| | | An Ethiopian baron usurps the throne and proclaims himself emperor, as Theodore II | |
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| 1862 |
| | | Speke and Grant find the Ripon Falls, over which the headwater of the Nile flows from Lake Tanganyika | |
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