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| 1179 |
| | | In a treaty signed at Cazorla, the kings of Castile and Aragon agree on a plan of cooperation against the Muslims | |
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| c. 1180 |
| | | In Cordoba the Muslim philosopher Averroës writes commentaries on Aristotle that are influential throughout medieval Europe | |
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| 1188 |
| | | Representatives of the towns in Léon are summoned to one of the earliest known parliaments | |
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| 1232 |
| | | The kingdom of Granada is established with a Berber noble, Muhammad I, as the first king | |
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| c. 1250 |
| | | A school of translation is set up in Toledo, to translate classical Greek texts from the Arabic versions into Latin | |
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| 1238 |
| | | Work begins on the Alhambra, the palace fortress of the Muslim kings of Granada | |
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| c. 1290 |
| | | The classical work of the Kabbalah, the Zohar, is almost certainly the work of the Spanish Kabbalist Moses de Leon | |
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| 1469 |
| | | The marriage of Ferdinand and Isabella unites the crowns of Aragon and Castile, creating virtually a unified Spain | |
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| 1480 |
| | | Tomas de Torquemada, from a family of converted Jews, is appointed Spain's first Grand Inquisitor | |
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| 1492 |
| | | The army of Ferdinand and Isabella besieges and takes the city of Granada, completing the long reconquest of Spain from the Muslims | |
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