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| 1084 |
| | | St Bruno and six companions retire to Chartreuse, in the French Alps, and establish the Carthusian order | |
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| 1085 |
| | | Toledo is captured from the Muslims by Alfonso VI of Castile, who continues the city's traditions of religious tolerance | |
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| 1095 |
| | | Pope Urban II preaches the first crusade, urging the Christians of Europe to march east to recover Jerusalem from the Muslims | |
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| 1096 |
| | | Peter the Hermit, an old monk on a donkey, leads the largest of the popular groups from Germany on the first crusade | |
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| 1096 |
| | | The German crusade begins with a massacre of Jews in many of the region's cities | |
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| c. 1098 |
| | | Benedictine monks, wishing to return to the early ideals of the order, form a community at Cîteaux which becomes the Cistercian order | |
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| 1098 |
| | | After a siege of seven months, the city of Antioch falls to the knights of the first crusade | |
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| 1099 |
| | | Crusaders capture the holy city of Jerusalem and massacre the Muslim and Jewish inhabitants | |
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| 1113 |
| | | The Knights of St John of Jerusalem become an established order under papal protection | |
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| 1115 |
| | | St Bernard establishes a new monastery at Clairvaux, from which he presides over the rapid expansion of the Cistercian order | |
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