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| 1066 |
| | Harold defeats at Stamford Bridge the joint army of his brother Tostig and of the Norwegian king, Harald Hardraade | |
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| 1066 |
| | The Normans, as seen in the Bayeux tapestry, invade England in Viking longships with fortified platforms for archers | |
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| 1066 |
| | Harold, hurrying south to confront the Normans after his victory at Stamford Bridge, is defeated and killed at Hastings | |
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| 1066 |
| | William the Conqueror (William I) is crowned on Christmas Day at Westminster - giving the new abbey church two coronations and a royal funeral in its first year | |
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| c. 1071 |
| | The campaigns of Alp Arslan, culminating in 1071, give the Seljuk Turks a lasting presence in Anatolia | |
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| 1071 |
| | The Seljuk Turks and the Byzantines meet in battle at Manzikert, with victory going to the Turks | |
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| 1075 |
| | Pope Gregory VII decrees that only the church may make ecclesiastical appointments, thus initiating the investiture controversy between pope and emperor | |
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| 1077 |
| | The emperor Henry IV stands as a penitent outside the pope's castle at Canossa, so as to be released from excommunication. | |
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| 1078 |
| | Anselm includes in his Proslogion his famous 'ontological proof' of the existence of God | |
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| c. 1080 |
| | Omar Khayyám, mathematician and astronomer, writes four-line verses, or quatrains, in his spare time | |
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