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| c. 1050 |
| | | The heavier and more dense style of calligraphy, known as 'black letter', becomes the fashion in manuscripts written in northern Europe | |
|  | Nuremberg Chronicle, black-letter typography
Fotofile CG
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| 1054 |
| | | A Russian chronicle makes the first mention of the marauding Polovtsy, who persistently raid Russian cities from the steppes | |
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| 1057 |
| | | Duncan's son, Malcolm, kills Macbeth in battle at Lumphanan - and in the following year is himself crowned at Scone | |
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| 1066 |
| | | On his death bed in Westminster, Edward the Confessor designates Harold - foremost among England's barons - as his successor | |
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| 1066 |
| | | Halley's comet, appearing in the Normans' annus mirabilis, is later depicted in the Bayeux tapestry | |
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| 1066 |
| | | Harold defeats at Stamford Bridge the joint army of his brother Tostig and of the Norwegian king, Harald Hardraade | |
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| 1066 |
| | | The Normans, as seen in the Bayeux tapestry, invade England in Viking longships with fortified platforms for archers | |
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| 1066 |
| | | Harold, hurrying south to confront the Normans after his victory at Stamford Bridge, is defeated and killed at Hastings | |
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| 1066 |
| | | William the Conqueror (William I) is crowned on Christmas Day at Westminster - giving the new abbey church two coronations and a royal funeral in its first year | |
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| 1075 |
| | | Pope Gregory VII decrees that only the church may make ecclesiastical appointments, thus initiating the investiture controversy between pope and emperor | |
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