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| | | North America |
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| c. 1000 |
| | Leif Ericsson claims to have made landfall at three places in north America, one of which he names Vinland - the land of wine | |
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| c. 1010 |
| | Thorfinn Karlsefni leads an expedition to north America, traces of which may survive in a longhouse at L'Anse aux Meadows | |
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| 1410 |
| | The Viking settlement in Greenland ends, after 400 years, when the last ship leaves the colony and sails for Norway | |
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| 1492 |
| | The world's first globe is published by Martin Behaim without showing America, in the very year of Columbus' voyage | |
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| 1497 |
| | Henry VII commissions the Italian navigator John Cabot to cross the Atlantic in search of new territories for England | |
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| 1497 |
| | John Cabot, searching for a trade route to China, probably reaches Newfoundland | |
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| 1507 |
| | The editor of a pamphlet proposes that the recently found continent should be named America after the explorer Amerigo Vespucci | |
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| 1534 |
| | French explorer Jacques Cartier charts the Gulf of St Lawrence and, in 1525, explores up the river as far as Montreal | |
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| 1535 |
| | Cartier, welcomed by the Huron Indians, gives their island in the St Lawrence river the name of Montreal | |
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| 1540 |
| | Francisco Vasquez de Coronado penetrates far north and west of Texas in an expedition searching for gold | |
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