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| c. 800 |
| | The luxury of Baghdad, under the caliph Harun al-Rashid, is evident in the Thousand and One Nights | |
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| from the 9th century |
| | The ancient site of the city of Babylon is gradually abandoned and becomes covered in silt from the Euphrates, until archaelogical excavation begins in the 19th century | |
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| c. 850 |
| | The caliphs in Baghdad begin to employ Turkish slaves, or Mamelukes, in their armies | |
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| c. 1050 |
| | The rulers of Baghdad harness homing pigeons as postmen. | |
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| 1055 |
| | Togrul Beg enters Baghdad and is granted by the caliph the title of sultan, which becomes hereditary in his Seljuk dynasty | |
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| c. 1100 |
| | Greek texts, translated by Arabic scholars in Baghdad, gradually make their way through the Muslim world to Christian Europe | |
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| 1258 |
| | When Hulagu and his Mongol army reach Baghdad, in 1258, it is said that 800,000 of the inhabitants are killed - and the caliph is kicked to death | |
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| 1831 |
| | Mameluke power ends with their suppression in Baghdad, following a massacre in Cairo twenty years earlier | |
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| 1845 |
| | British archaeologist Henry Layard, in his first month of digging in Iraq, discovers the Assyrian city of Nimrud | |
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| 1853 |
| | Hormuzd Rassam discovers the magnficent lion-hunt reliefs in the palace of Ashurbanipal at Nineveh | |
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