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| | | | Islam |
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| 691 |
| | | The Dome of the Rock is completed as a Muslim shrine on the Temple Mount in Jerusalem | |
|  | Jerusalem, Dome of the Rock
Fotofile CG
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| c. 700 |
| | | Shortage of manpower in the Muslim armies causes a change of policy, with non-Arabs now allowed to convert to Islam | |
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| 711 |
| | | Muslim Arabs cross from north Africa into Spain and drive the Visigoths from Toledo | |
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| 712 |
| | | Muslims, arriving from Persia through Baluchistan, occupy the region of Sind in western India | |
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| 732 |
| | | The Muslim advance into France is halted when Charles Martel defeats the Arabs between Poitiers and Tours | |
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| c. 750 |
| | | Sufism develops as a mystical strain within Islam | |
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| 750 |
| | | The Abbasids massacre the Umayyads in Damascus and establish a new caliphate | |
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| 751 |
| | | Muscat and Oman establish a tradition of spiritual rule by elected imams | |
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| 756 |
| | | Abd-ar-Rahman, escaping from the massacre of his family in Syria, establishes a new Umayyad dynasty at Cordoba | |
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| c. 780 |
| | | Islam reaches Shanga, off the east coast of Africa, with the building of a tiny wooden mosque | |
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