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| | | Battles |
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| 656 |
| | Othman is assassinated, and Ali wins power as the fourth Muslim caliph - defeating Muhammad's widow Aisha at the 'battle of the camel' near Basra | |
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| 680 |
| | Husayn, the son of Ali, dies at Karbala in a battle against rival Muslims and becomes the most holy of Shi'ite martyrs | |
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| 732 |
| | The Muslim advance into France is halted when Charles Martel defeats the Arabs between Poitiers and Tours | |
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| 1014 |
| | Brian Boru, aged 73, achieves a major victory over the Vikings at Clontarf but is killed in his tent after the battle | |
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| 1040 |
| | In a battle near Elgin Macbeth kills his cousin Duncan, a rival claimant to the Scottish throne | |
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| 1066 |
| | Harold defeats at Stamford Bridge the joint army of his brother Tostig and of the Norwegian king, Harald Hardraade | |
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| 1066 |
| | Harold, hurrying south to confront the Normans after his victory at Stamford Bridge, is defeated and killed at Hastings | |
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| 1071 |
| | The Seljuk Turks and the Byzantines meet in battle at Manzikert, with victory going to the Turks | |
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| 1187 |
| | Saladin destroys the Christian army of the Latin kingdom in a battle below the Horns of Hattin | |
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| 1240 |
| | Alexander, a Russian prince, defeats a Swedish army on the frozen river Neva, thus winning his name Alexander Nevksy | |
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