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| | | | Battles |
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| 101 BC |
| | | A German tribe, the Cimbri, press into northern Italy until they are defeated at Vercellae and driven out of the peninsula | |
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| -82 BC |
| | | Sulla takes Rome for the second time, after a battle at the Colline Gate, and then publishes his lethal 'proscriptions' | |
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| 53 BC |
| | | Crasssus is killed at Carrhae, in Turkey, when the Parthians defeat his army, largely thanks to their brilliance as mounted archers | |
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| 52 BC |
| | | The Celtic leader Vercingetorix inflicts an unaccustomed defeat on Julius Caesar, at Gergovia, but is captured later in the year | |
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| 48 BC |
| | | Julius Caesar defeats his rival Pompey at Pharsalus, in Greece, and makes himself master of the Roman world | |
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| 42 BC |
| | | Octavian and Mark Antony defeat the armies of Brutus and Cassius at Philippi, after which Brutus and Cassius commit suicide | |
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| 31 BC |
| | | Octavian defeats the forces of Antony and Cleopatra (both are at sea with their fleets) in a battle off the Greek coast at Actium | |
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| 9 |
| | | The defeat of three Roman legions in the Teutoberg Forest by Arminius, establishes the Rhine as a natural boundary of the Roman empire | |
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| 378 |
| | | The Visigoths inflict a devastating defeat on a Roman army at Adrianople, and win for themselves the status of Roman federates | |
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| 451 |
| | | Attila and the Huns invade Gaul but are defeated, somewhere near Troyes, by a Roman army supported by Visigoths and Burgundians | |
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