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| | | | Palestine and Israel |
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| c. 100 BC |
| | | The Essenes, a Jewish sect, withdraw from secular life to form monastic communities in the desert | |
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| 63 BC |
| | | Pompey captures Jerusalem, bringing Judaea under Roman control | |
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| 37 BC |
| | | Herod, appointed king of Judaea by the senate in Rome, establishes his rule over Palestine | |
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| 20 BC |
| | | Herod the Great, king of Judaea, begins to build a spectacular new Temple for the Jews on the sacred mount in Jerusalem | |
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| c. 6 BC |
| | | According to the Gospel account, Jesus Christ is born in Bethlehem two years before the death of Herod the Great - making the date 6 BC | |
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| 4 BC |
| | | Herod, according to the Gospel account, orders all newly born infants in Bethlehem to be killed | |
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| 1 |
| | | Christians decide (though not until AD 525) that this is the year of Christ's birth, making it AD 1 in the Christian chronology | |
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| c. 29 |
| | | Jesus begins his ministry in Galilee, gathering disciples, preaching and healing | |
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| c. 31 |
| | | Jesus rides into Jerusalem with a crowd of followers, then attacks the traders in the courtyard of the Temple | |
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| c. 31 |
| | | Jesus, at the Last Supper, associates the bread and wine with his own body and blood, establishing the sacrament of the Eucharist | |
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