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| | | | Weapons |
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| 674 |
| | | A Muslim fleet attacking Constantinople is deterred by the first known use of the Byzantine secret recipe for 'Greek fire' | |
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| c. 1040 |
| | | A Chinese manual on warfare includes the earliest known description of gunpowder | |
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| 1139 |
| | | Pope Innocent III and the second Lateran council outlaw the crossbow as a weapon causing unacceptable devastation | |
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| c. 1200 |
| | | The longbow, a weapon of great use to English armies, is probably first developed in Wales | |
|  | Sketch of a Welsh archer still shown with a short bow, 13th century
National Archives, Kew
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| 1298 |
| | | The English longbow, in one of its early appearances, proves too much for the Scots at Falkirk | |
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| 1327 |
| | | The earliest surviving illustration of a cannon is drawn in this year (in a manuscript now in Oxford) | |
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| c. 1365 |
| | | Portable guns are introduced not long after artillery, being mentioned in several European texts of the second half of the fourteenth century | |
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| c. 1450 |
| | | The matchlock, ignited from a smouldering length of rope, becomes the standard form of musket | |
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| 1450 |
| | | The French bring two small cannon on to the battlefield at Formigny, where they have a significant effect in achieving the French victory | |
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| c. 1610 |
| | | A flintlock designed in France (possibly by Marin Le Bourgeoys) becomes the standard firing mechanism for muskets | |
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