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| | | West Europe |
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| c. 300 BC |
| | The Celts move across the Channel into Britain, soon becoming the dominant ethnic group in the island | |
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| 121 BC |
| | The Romans establish a province in the south of France, still acknowledged in the name Provence | |
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| 102 BC |
| | The Roman general Gaius Marius defeats the Teutones, a German tribe which has made deep inroads into southern Gaul | |
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| 58 BC |
| | At the end of his year as consul, Caesar travels north to become governor of northern Italy and southern France | |
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| 55 BC |
| | Julius Caesar makes the first of his two invasions of Celtic Britain | |
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| 54 BC |
| | Julius Caesar returns to Britain for a second visit, this time reaching north of the Thames into the kingdom of Cassivellaunus | |
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| 52 BC |
| | The Celtic leader Vercingetorix inflicts an unaccustomed defeat on Julius Caesar, at Gergovia, but is captured later in the year | |
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| 52 BC |
| | In his winter quarters Julius Caesar writes The Gallic War, an account of his own achievements in suppressing the Gauls | |
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| c. 50 BC |
| | A body preserved in the tannin of Lindow Moss, an English peat bog, is probably a sacrificial victim of the Druids | |
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| c. 20 BC |
| | The Netherlands, or 'low countries' around the Rhine delta, enter history as the Roman province of Germania Inferior | |
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