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| | | | South Asia |
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| c. 350 BC |
| | | The Mahabharata, India's great national epic, begins to take shape | |
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| 327 BC |
| | | Alexander takes a major new step, leaving Persian territory and moving through the mountain passes into India | |
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| 325 BC |
| | | In the Indian monsoon Alexander's Greek troops have finally had enough and threaten to mutiny unless he turns for home | |
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| 321 BC |
| | | Chandragupta Maurya seizes the throne of Magadha, in India, and establishes the Mauryan dynasty | |
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| c. 300 BC |
| | | Vishnu, Shiva and Brahma emerge as India's trio of main gods, with the Vedic religion of the Aryans evolving into Hinduism | |
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| c. 300 BC |
| | | The Indian epic of romance and adventure, the Ramayana, is probably the work of a single author at about this time | |
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| 272 BC |
| | | Asoka, a devotee of Buddhism, wins the Mauryan throne and establishes India's first empire | |
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| c. 250 BC |
| | | Asoka, extending his rule over much of India, proclaims his Buddhist faith on pillars and in rock inscriptions | |
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| c. 250 BC |
| | | The digits known now as Arabic numerals make their first tentative appearance in India | |
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| c. 250 BC |
| | | Buddhism reaches Sri Lanka as a result of the missionary efforts of the Indian ruler, Asoka | |
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