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| | | | Battles |
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| 371 BC |
| | | A Spartan army is overwhelmed at Leuctra by a smaller number of Thebans under Epaminondas | |
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| 338 BC |
| | | Philip of Macedon defeats Athens and Thebes at Chaeronaea, giving him control of Greece | |
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| 334 BC |
| | | At the river Granicus, not far from Troy, Alexander defeats a Persian army employing many Greek mercenaries | |
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| 333 BC |
| | | At Issus, close to the Turkish border with Syria, Alexander defeats the Persian emperor Darius III, captures his family and treats them with courtesy | |
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| 260 BC |
| | | The new Roman fleet wins a decisive victory over the Carthaginians at Mylae, thanks largely to the 'raven' (corvus in Latin) | |
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| 241 BC |
| | | A Roman naval victory at Trapani, off the northwest tip of Sicily, completes the blockade of the Carthaginians and ends the First Punic War | |
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| 217 BC |
| | | Hannibal surprises and traps a Roman army on a narrow plain beside Lake Trasimene | |
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| 216 BC |
| | | Hannibal destroys a Roman army at Cannae, in the most severe defeat ever suffered by Rome | |
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| 202 BC |
| | | Hannibal suffers his first decisive defeat by a Roman army, at an unidentified site in north Africa called Zama | |
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| 102 BC |
| | | The Roman general Gaius Marius defeats the Teutones, a German tribe which has made deep inroads into southern Gaul | |
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