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| | | | Peforming Arts |
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| c. 425 BC |
| | | Aristophanes wins first prize in Athens for his comedy The Acharnians | |
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| c. 340 BC |
| | | The theatre at Epidaurus is the earliest and best surviving example of a classical Greek stage and auditorium | |
|  | Epidaurus, the theatre
Fotofile CG
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| 264 BC |
| | | The first gladiatorial contests in Rome are part of the entertainment at a funeral, and soon become popular | |
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| c. 250 BC |
| | | The organ, using a mechanical device to pump air through a set of musical pipes, is invented in Alexandria by Ctesibius | |
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| c. 185 BC |
| | | Plautus and Terence, in the second and third century BC, create a Roman drama based on Greek originals | |
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| 66 |
| | | Nero comes to Athens to give some of his officially celebrated performances at the Greek games | |
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| c. 600 |
| | | Ritual intoning of the psalms, derived from Jewish synagogues, is formalized in Christian worship as Gregorian chant | |
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| c. 1050 |
| | | Polyphony brings new complexity of interweaving vocal lines, in the choral singing of abbey or cathedral | |
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| c. 1170 |
| | | The first known mystery play, the Mystery of Adam, takes place outside a church somewhere in France | |
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| 1176 |
| | | The first known eisteddfod is held during Christmas festivities at Rhys ap Gruffydd's court in Cardigan castle | |
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